Conus
(Kalloconus) helladicus (Psarras & Koskeridou & Merle,2021)
Conus
(Kalloconus) gulemani (Erunal-Erentoz, 1958)
Description:
Medium-sized, robust
shells, with relatively low spired whorls. Early spire whorls coeloconoid. Last
spire whorls, smooth, straight to concave, creating a low conical to flat
outline. Suture impressed. Subsutural flexure shallow, weakly curved,
moderately asymmetrical. Shoulder rounded, protruded, creating a bulky outline.
Maximum diameter below shoulder. Last whorl straight. Aperture moderate, narrow
near suture, straight. Apertural canal wide, fasciole twisted, demarcated from
base and inner lip. There are two extreme forms. Form 1 consists of robust
forms which are relatively wider in comparison to form 2 and have low angled
spire whorls. Form 2 consists of relatively elongated forms with flat spire
whorl. Intermediate forms also exist (1).
DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN
The colour
pattern consists of one layer of short and long, fluorescent, spiral dashes,
arranged in evenly spaced spiral rows. The spire whorls display wide,
fluorescent flammulae, with irregular boundaries on a non-fluorescent base
colour. The flammulae do not connect with the colour pattern of the last whorl (1).
TYPE MATERIAL.
Holotype: AMPG( IV) 2660, Psalidha
( Fig. 18 B).
Three paratypes, MNHN.F. A72636 to MNHN.F. A72638, Crete ( Fig. 18 A, C, D).
TYPE
LOCALITY. — Psalidha, 35°05’08.1”N, 24°57’46.0”E, Messara Basin, Tortonian,
Crete, Greece.
STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Tortonian
of Greece (Messara Basin, Crete). ETYMOLOGY. — As Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 was first found in Hungary, we
propose Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp., a species found in Greece
( Hellas in Greek).
REMARKS
This species shows some variations in the
relative diameter of its spire whorls. The difference between the elongated and
robust forms is not very variable. However intermediate forms between both
forms point towards the existence of a single species.
Conus
(Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 from
Paratethys seems closely related to Conus
(Kalloconus) helladicus n.
sp., but the medium height, conical spire whorls and the subsutural
flexure of Conus
(Kalloconus) hungaricus are
characters separating both species.
Conus
(Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 differs
in the relatively angulated shoulder and the medium depth of the subsutural
flexure ( Harzhauser & Landau 2016).
Conus
(Kalloconus) gulemani Erünal-Erentöz, 1958 bears
a similar morphology and a colour pattern. The differences between both species
exist on the spiral whorl height and the smoother shoulder of Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani .
All these species seem to be very closely
related, but the differential characters of Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp. caused us to consider the Greek
material as a new species (1).
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FIG. 18. — Conus
(Kalloconus) helladicus n. sp. from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece) (1) A, Paratype
MNHN.F.A72638: a solid club shaped shell with large relative diameter (form
1) and a distinct colour pattern; B, Holotype AMPG(IV)
2660, Psalidha: a low spired specimen with a relatively narrow diameter (form
2), with a distinct colour pattern; C, Paratype
MNHN.F.A72636: a small-sized shell with large relative diameter (form 1); D, Paratype
MNHN.F.A72637: a flat spired conid with slightly protruding early spire
whorls (form 2). Scale bar: 1 cm. |
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Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus mm. 28,8 x 22,0 Rethymno a 800 m. s.l.m. – Creta [AZFC 383-01] |
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Conus helladicus mm. 40 Holotype AMPG(IV) 2660,
Psalidha |
Conus helladicus mm. 32 Paratype MNHN.F.A72638 |
Conus helladicus mm. 32 Paratype MNHN.F.A72637 |
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Conus (Kalloconus) helladicus mm. 28,8 x 22,0 Rethymno a 800 m. s.l.m. – Creta [AZFC 383-01] |
Conus helladicus mm. 24,5 Paratype MNHN.F.A72636 |
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Conus (Kalloconus)
helladicus n. sp. from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece) (1) B, Holotype AMPG(IV) 2660,
Psalidha: a low spired specimen with a relatively narrow diameter (form 2) |
D1–D2. Kalloconus
hungaricus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1879) (2) Bad Vöslau, NHMW 2010/0004/1578 |
Conus tietzei (Hoernes & Auinger, 1879) pl. 1, fig. 3 |
Conus gulemani (Erunal-Erentoz, 1958)
SHELL DESCRIPTION
Small-to-medium-sized shells. Spire whorls
weakly convex, with strongly coeloconoid outline on early whorls, that
decreases on later whorls. Spire height low to moderate. Spire low to
moderately high. Suture impressed. Subsutural flexure shallow, weakly curved,
moderately asymmetrical. Maximum diameter below rounded shoulder. Last spire
whorl slightly inflated, convex not straight. Aperture curved, widening towards
fasciole. Canal moderately wide, fasciole twisted, inflated (1).
DESCRIPTION OF COLOUR PATTERN
The colour pattern consists of one layer of
a series of closely related, spiral rows of dashes, disrupted randomly by
non-fluorescent dots or small dashes. The non-fluorescent dots are slightly
wider than the fluorescent spiral rows. Sometimes the dots are axially aligned,
creating a synchronous, vertical disruption of the spiral rows. The dots on the
spiral rows are not constant in numbers or distances and can be multiple or
few. This results in a variety of colour patterns, with shells having mostly
spiral rows of elongated dashes with very few interruptions, to patterns with
multiple disruptions, resembling series of short fluorescent dashes (1).
TYPE
MATERIAL.
One
syntype: MNHN.FA26722; three or four syntypes, MTA, Ankara.
TYPE
LOCALITY. — Zengen Köy S, Dereboğazi (Karaman Basin, Turkey). According to
Landau et al. (2013) the localities of the Karaman Basin are Serravallian in
age.
STRATIGRAPHIC
RANGE. — Serravallian (Karaman Basin, Turkey ( Landau et al. 2013) and
Tortonian of Greece (Messara and Ierapetra Basins, Crete).
MATERIAL
EXAMINED. — Greece. Psalidha : two specimens AMPG( IV) 2663, 2665; Tefeli : six
specimens from AMPG( IV) 2676-2681. Filippi: nine specimen AMPG( IV) 2664,
2668-2675; Crete: two specimens ( MNHN.F. A72640 and
MNHN.F. A72641 ).
All of them display colour patterns under UV light .
REMARKS
Erünal-Erentöz (1958) described Conus
(Dendroconus) gulemani distinguishing
it from the rest of her known Conidae by the relative narrower shoulder
width, the coeloconoid spire whorls and the colour pattern of spiral dashes.
One syntype stored in the MNHN (MNHN.F. A26722) is very similar in morphology and
colour pattern to the Greek specimens. Therefore, we consider them conspecific
with Conus (Kalloconus)
gulemani (1).
Caze et al. (2011a) identified a specimen (MNHN.F. A30841) from Makrilia as Conus bitorosus
Fontannes, 1880. Conus
bitorosus , however, has a
straight conical spire whorl outline (see Fontannes 1880, pl. 8 fig. 12 and
Sacco 1893b, pl. 10, fig.19), whereas Conus
(Kalloconus) gulemani has
clearly a coeloconoid spire outline. As such, we believe that the specimen of
Caze et al. (2011a) belongs to Conus
(Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
The colour pattern of this species is
similar to species like Conus
(Kalloconus) hungaricus Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 and Conus
(Kalloconus) tietzei Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 , but both species differ from Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani by their shell morphology (1).
Conus (Kalloconus) hungaricus has club shaped shells, wider relative diameter
of the last whorl and conical spire whorls (1).
Conus (Kalloconus) tietzei has a more angulated shoulder and straight
last whorl, which is slightly more inflated in Conus (Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
“ Dendroconus ” pyruloides var. planacutispira ( Sacco 1893a: pl. 1, fig. 27) is morphologically
similar to our material, but it differs in the angle of the last whorl near the
fasciole, a feature lacking in Conus
(Kalloconus) gulemani (1).
A species with an identical colour pattern,
but with shorter spire whorls is Conus
(Kalloconus) pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004 ( Monteiro et al. 2004), an extant
species from the Cape Verde islands. Because of these similarities, both
species seem to be closely related (1).
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Conus gulemani
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MNHN.F.A26722 mm. 29 Route de Fisandun ŕ Agin Köy, Derebogazi – Karaman (Turchia) In the Erünal-Erentöz collection at Ankara
University there are four shells labelled Conus (Dendroconus) gulemani.
In our opinion (4) these represent more than one species of
juvenile cone, at least one of which is a juvenile specimen of K.
hungaricus. |
Bibliografia Consultata